{"id":473,"date":"2024-12-06T12:49:36","date_gmt":"2024-12-06T12:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naujienaplius.lt\/index.php\/2024\/12\/06\/micula-byla-pavojingas-precedentas-investuotojo-ir-valstybes-arbitraze\/"},"modified":"2024-12-06T12:49:36","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T12:49:36","slug":"micula-byla-pavojingas-precedentas-investuotojo-ir-valstybes-arbitraze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/naujienaplius.lt\/index.php\/2024\/12\/06\/micula-byla-pavojingas-precedentas-investuotojo-ir-valstybes-arbitraze\/","title":{"rendered":"Micula byla: pavojingas precedentas investuotojo ir valstyb\u0117s arbitra\u017ee"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"mvp-content-main\">\n<p><em><strong>Ilgai besit\u0119sianti Micula Brothers byla \u2013 oficialiai Micula ir kiti prie\u0161 Rumunij\u0105 \u2013 yra vienas reik\u0161mingiausi\u0173 gin\u010d\u0173 d\u0117l investicij\u0173 arbitra\u017eo pastarojoje istorijoje. Broliai Micula \u012fk\u016br\u0117 versl\u0105 Rumunijoje 1998 m. pagal \u0160vedijos ir Rumunijos dvi\u0161al\u0119 investicij\u0173 sutart\u012f (BIT). \u012e \u0161i\u0105 sutart\u012f buvo \u012ftrauktos ekonomin\u0117s paskatos, skirtos Rumunijos kaimo vietovi\u0173 vystymuisi skatinti. Ta\u010diau 2004 m., Rumunijai ruo\u0161iantis narystei ES, \u0161ios paskatos buvo nutrauktos, kad b\u016bt\u0173 laikomasi ES valstyb\u0117s pagalbos taisykli\u0173, o tai pa\u017eeid\u017eia BIT ir padar\u0117 dideli\u0173 finansini\u0173 nuostoli\u0173 broliams Miculams. Tai suk\u0117l\u0117 daugiau nei du de\u0161imtme\u010dius trukusi\u0105 teisin\u0119 kov\u0105, kuri baig\u0117si kompensacijos skyrimu pagal Pasaulio banko ICSID konvencij\u0105, kuri\u0105 Rumunija galiausiai i\u0161sprend\u0117.<\/strong>, <\/em><strong>ra\u0161o Marijana Mili\u0107.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Per vis\u0105 \u0161i\u0105 u\u017esit\u0119susi\u0105 teisin\u0119 sag\u0105 Europos S\u0105junga atkakliai siek\u0117 u\u017egin\u010dyti dvi\u0161ales sutartis ir tarptautinius susitarimus, pavyzd\u017eiui, ICSID konvencij\u0105, tvirtindama, kad tik Europos teismai tur\u0117t\u0173 reguliuoti investuotoj\u0173 ir valstybi\u0173 gin\u010d\u0173 sprendimus (ISDS) jos jurisdikcijoje. 2014 metais Europos Komisija (EK) nusprend\u0117, kad broliams Miculams skirta kompensacija pa\u017eeid\u0117 ES valstyb\u0117s pagalbos taisykles. Nepaisant to, 2020 m. JK Auk\u0161\u010diausiasis Teismas patvirtino broli\u0173 teis\u0119 \u012f kompensacij\u0105. <\/p>\n<p>Tai paskatino EK 2024 metais paduoti \u012f teism\u0105 Jungtin\u0119 Karalyst\u0119, teigdama, kad ji pa\u017eeid\u0117 \u012fsipareigojimus pagal \u201eBrexit\u201c i\u0161stojimo sutarties 89 straipsn\u012f. Vis dar neai\u0161ku, kaip JK reaguos \u012f \u0161\u012f sprendim\u0105, ypa\u010d atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f brit\u0173 politin\u012f prie\u0161i\u0161kum\u0105 Europos Teisingumo Teismui (ETT). Bendrojo Teismo sprendimas: precedento neturinti atsakomyb\u0117 2024 m. spalio 2 d. ES Bendrasis Teismas eskalavo teisin\u012f gin\u010d\u0105, \u012fpareigojant brolius Miculus gr\u0105\u017einti 400 mln. eur\u0173 kompensacij\u0105. Pa\u017eym\u0117tina, kad teismas pripa\u017eino juos asmeni\u0161kai atsakingais u\u017e \u0161ios sumos i\u0161ie\u0161kojim\u0105. <\/p>\n<p>\u0160is sprendimas atskleid\u017eia EK bandym\u0105 ICSID Tribunolo i\u0161vadas d\u0117l \u017ealos atlyginimo perkelti \u012f valstyb\u0117s pagalbos sistem\u0105, atgaline data taikant ES teis\u0119. Tod\u0117l penkios su \u201eMiculas\u201c susijusios \u012fmon\u0117s, nepateikusios pretenzij\u0173, kuri\u0173 n\u0117 viena negavo gin\u010dijam\u0173 l\u0117\u0161\u0173 arba negal\u0117jo gauti valstyb\u0117s pagalbos pagal pradin\u0119 skatinimo schem\u0105, dabar yra atsakingos u\u017e gr\u0105\u017einim\u0105. Dar didesn\u012f nerim\u0105 kelia precedento neturintis EK \u017eingsnis, kai broliai buvo asmeni\u0161kai atsakingi u\u017e valstyb\u0117s pagalbos kompensavim\u0105. ICSID tribunolas Miculams nepriteis\u0117 \u017ealos atlyginimo. Paskelbdama juos asmeni\u0161kai atsakingais, EK suteik\u0117 Rumunijai galimyb\u0119 are\u0161tuoti j\u0173 asmenin\u012f turt\u0105, \u012fskaitant turt\u0105 ir pensijas. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Pasekm\u0117s ribotai atsakomybei ir ES teisei <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0160is sprendimas turi dideli\u0173 pasekmi\u0173 ribotos atsakomyb\u0117s principams pagal Rumunijos teis\u0119, kuri\u0105 reglamentuoja \u012estatymas Nr. 31\/1990. Ribota atsakomyb\u0117 apsaugo akcininkus nuo \u012fmoni\u0173 kreditori\u0173 reikalavim\u0173, o juridinis asmuo saugo \u012fmon\u0117s turt\u0105 nuo akcinink\u0173 asmenini\u0173 kreditori\u0173. EK po\u017ei\u016bris neteis\u0117tai pramu\u0161a \u012fmoni\u0173 \u0161yd\u0105, pa\u017eeisdamas Rumunijos \u012fmoni\u0173 teis\u0117s aktus ir ES direktyvas, ginan\u010dias akcinink\u0173 teises. Paprastai tai \u012fvyksta tik i\u0161skirtin\u0117mis ir ai\u0161kiai reglamentuotomis aplinkyb\u0117mis. Nepaisydama \u0161i\u0173 apsaugos priemoni\u0173, EB rizikuoja pakirsti investuotoj\u0173 pasitik\u0117jim\u0105 ir sukurti pavojing\u0105 precedent\u0105, galint\u012f pakirsti \u012fmoni\u0173 stabilum\u0105 visoje ES. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Gr\u0117sm\u0117 investuotoj\u0173 apsaugai <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"mvp-ad-label\">Reklama<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- Square Ad EuReporter --><\/p>\n<p>I\u0161 esm\u0117s EK sprendimas baud\u017eia investuotojus u\u017e tai, kad jie naudojasi pagrindine teise \u012f teising\u0105 bylos nagrin\u0117jim\u0105 ir veiksmingas teisi\u0173 gynimo priemones \u2013 teis\u0117mis, kurios buvo teis\u0117tai prieinamos pagal ICSID sistem\u0105. Atmesdama ai\u0161k\u0173 ICSID apdovanojimo teisin\u012f pagrind\u0105 ir imdamasi agresyvi\u0173 susigr\u0105\u017einimo priemoni\u0173, EK nusiunt\u0117 stulbinan\u010di\u0105 \u017eini\u0105 investuotojams. \u0160is sprendimas kenkia teisiniam tikrumui ir apsaugai, kuri istori\u0161kai buvo suteikta investuotojams ES. Broliai Miculai pateik\u0117 apeliacin\u012f skund\u0105, pos\u0117dis numatytas 2024 m. gruod\u017eio 15 d., o teismo sprendimas tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti priimtas kit\u0173 met\u0173 prad\u017eioje.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Oswald; text-transform: uppercase; padding-top: 7px; font-weight: 500;padding-right: 10px; margin-bottom: 5px !important;\">Pasidalinkite \u0161iuo straipsniu:<\/p>\n<p><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings above via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings below via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons above via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons below via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div id=\"mvp-content-bot\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!--mvp-post-tags--><\/p>\n<p><h6>EU Reporter publikuoja 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